Thursday, November 28, 2019
Neonatal Jaundice free essay sample
Newborn jaundice Newborn jaundice is a condition marked by high levels of bilirubin in the blood. The increased bilirubin causes the infants skin and whites of the eyes (sclera) to look yellow. Causes Bilirubin is a yellow pigment that is created in the body during the normal recycling of old red blood cells. The liver helps break down bilirubin so that it can be removed from the body in the stool. Before birth, the placenta the organ that nourishes the developing baby removes the bilirubin from the infant so that it can be processed by the mothers liver. Immediately after birth, the babys own liver begins to take over the job, but this can take time. Therefore, bilirubin levels in an infant are normally a little higher after birth. High levels of bilirubin in the body can cause the skin to look yellow. This is called jaundice. Jaundice is present to some degree in most newborns, and is called physiological jaundice. We will write a custom essay sample on Neonatal Jaundice or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It usually appears between day 2 and 3, peaks between days 2 and 4, and clears by 2 weeks. Physiological jaundice usually causes no problems. Other types of jaundice that usually cause no harm include: Breast milk jaundice is probably caused by factors in the breast milk that slow the rate at which the liver breaks down bilirubin. Such jaundice appears in some healthy, breastfed babies after day 7 of life, and usually peaks during weeks 2 and 3. It may last at low levels for a month or more. Breastfeeding jaundice is seen in breastfed babies in the first week of life, especially in babies who are not nursing often enough. Breastfeeding jaundice is different than breast milk jaundice. Babies who are born too early (premature) are more likely to develop jaundice than full-term babies. Conditions that increase the number of red blood cells that need to be broken down, and can cause more severe newborn jaundice: Abnormal blood cell shapes Blood type mismatch between the mother and the baby Bleeding underneath the scalp (cephalohematoma) caused by a difficult delivery Higher levels of red blood cells, which is more common in small-for-gestational-age babies and some twins Infection Lack (deficiency) of certain important enzymes Conditions that make it harder for the babys body to remove bilirubin may also lead to more severe jaundice: Certain medications Congenital infections, such as rubella, syphilis, and others Diseases that affect the liver or biliary tract, such as cystic fibrosis or hepatitis Hypoxia Infections (such as sepsis) Many different genetic or inherited disorders Symptoms The main symptom is a yellow color of the skin. The yellow color is best seen right after gently pressing a finger onto the skin. The color sometimes begins on the face and then moves down to the chest, belly area, legs, and soles of the feet. Sometimes, infants with significant jaundice have extreme tiredness and poor feeding. Exams and Tests Doctors, nurses, and family members will watch for signs of jaundice at the hospital, and after the newborn goes home. Any infant who appears jaundiced should have bilirubin levels measured right away. This can be done with a blood test. Many hospitals check total bilirubin levels on all babies at about 24 hours of age. Hospitals use probes that can estimate the bilirubin level just by touching the skin. High readings need to be confirmed with blood tests. Tests that will likely be done include: Complete blood count Coombs test Reticulocyte count Further testing may be needed for babies who need treatment or whose total bilirubin levels are rising more quickly than expected. Treatment Treatment is usually not needed. When determining treatment, the doctor must consider: The babys bilirubin level How fast the level has been rising Whether the baby was born early (babies born early are more likely to be treated at lower bilirubin levels) How old the baby is now Your child will need treatment if the bilirubin level is too high or is rising too quickly. Keep the baby well hydrated with breast milk or formula. Frequent feedings (up to 12 times a day) encourage frequent bowel movements, which help remove bilirubin through the stools. Ask your doctor before giving your newborn extra formula. Some newborns need to be treated before they leave the hospital. Others may need to go back to the hospital when they are a few days old. Treatment in the hospital usually lasts 1 to 2 days. Sometimes special blue lights are used on infants whose levels are very high. This is called phototherapy. These lights work by helping to break down bilirubin in the skin. The infant is placed under artificial light in a warm, enclosed bed to maintain constant temperature. The baby will wear only a diaper and special eye shades to protect the eyes. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that breastfeeding be continued through phototherapy, if possible. Rarely, the baby may have an intravenous (IV) line to deliver fluids. If the bilirubin level is not too high or is not rising quickly, you can do phototherapy at home with a fiberoptic blanket, which has tiny bright lights in it. You may also use a bed that shines light up from the mattress. You must keep the light therapy on your childs skin and feed your child every 2 to 3 hours (10 to 12 times a day). A nurse will come to your home to teach you how to use the blanket or bed, and to check on your child. The nurse will return daily to check your childs weight, feedings, skin, and bilirubin levels. You will be asked to count the number of wet and dirty diapers. In the most severe cases of jaundice, an exchange transfusion is required. In this procedure, the babys blood is replaced with fresh blood. Treating severely jaundiced babies with intravenous immunoglobulin may also be very effective at reducing bilirubin levels. Outlook (Prognosis) Usually newborn jaundice is not harmful. For most babies, jaundice usually gets better without treatment within 1 to 2 weeks. Very high levels of bilirubin can damage the brain. This is called kernicterus. However, the condition is almost always diagnosed before levels become high enough to cause this damage. For babies who need treatment, the treatment is usually effective. Possible Complications Rare, but serious, complications from high bilirubin levels include: Cerebral palsy Deafness Kernicterus brain damage from very high bilirubin levels When to Contact a Medical Professional All babies should be seen by a health care provider in the first 5 days of life to check for jaundice. Those who spend less than 24 hours in a hospital should be seen by age 72 hours. Infants sent home between 24 and 48 hours should be seen again by age 96 hours. Infants sent home between 48 and 72 hours should be seen again by age 120 hours. Jaundice is an emergency if the baby has a fever, has become listless, or is not feeding well. Jaundice may be dangerous in high-risk newborns. Jaundice is generally NOT dangerous in term, otherwise healthy newborns. Call the infants health care provider if: Jaundice is severe (the skin is bright yellow) Jaundice continues to increase after the newborn visit, lasts longer than 2 weeks, or other symptoms develop The feet, especially the soles, are yellow Prevention In newborns, some degree of jaundice is normal and probably not preventable. The risk of significant jaundice can often be reduced by feeding babies at least 8 to 12 times a day for the first several days and by carefully identifying infants at highest risk. All pregnant women should be tested for blood type and unusual antibodies. If the mother is Rh negative, follow-up testing on the infants cord is recommended. This may also be done if the mothers blood type is O+, but it is not needed if careful monitoring takes place. Careful monitoring of all babies during the first 5 days of life can prevent most complications of jaundice. Ideally, this includes: Considering a babys risk for jaundice Checking bilirubin level in the first day or so Scheduling at least one follow-up visit the first week of life for babies sent home from the hospital in 72 hours Alternative Names Jaundice of the newborn; Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia; Bili lights jaundice References American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). Management of hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn infant 35 or more weeks of gestation.
Sunday, November 24, 2019
Analytical commentary holiday hw1 radio Essays - Human Behavior
Analytical commentary holiday hw1 radio Essays - Human Behavior Analytical commentary The transcript presented is a written piece of a conversation extract ed off the triple M Drive show called Kennedy and Molloy with interlocutors being Jane Kennedy ( JK ) and Mick Malloy (MM) who lament about the banning and height reduction of the "monkey bars' from the playground as they cause injuries. The social purpose of this segment is to persuade the audience to be on their side and take into consideration the importance of the monkey bars and how they help kids have fun, they also buil d rapport with the audience. The tone between the two varies in different parts of the conversation just as exemplified by the rise (\) and fall (/) sign on lines 85, 86 and 93. It is also friendly and mostly informative throughout the transcript which is encouraged by the nature of being work mates and buddies in the radio show business. The primary function is to talk about the monkey bars and how fun they were however, the simultaneously existence of the function moves into a number of social purpose as the two main interlocutors aim to build intimacy between each other which is evident on line 2 as JK refer to MM as Mick . A third party, the dj is also introduced into the conversation where he has an input on the matter. FUNCTION] The general function of this par ticular radio segment is for MM and JK to persuade the audience to be on their side when it comes to the monkey bars on the playground and how they affect the kids, MM states on like 1 how angry the banning of monkey bars makes him feel. The emotive expression shows how MM really feels which is angry, he persuades JK to agree with his opinion on the monkey bars. The interaction between the interlocutors also arises the function of informing as they start to list all the other things like trampolines ( line 95), bunkbeds (line 98) skiing (line 119) and rollerblading (line 121) which have the same effect on kids as the monkey bars do. The semantic field which is radio show also determines the function of the transcript, just like most radio shows, MM and JK are no stranger to persuading their audience, advertising their opinions and informing their audience about different matters at different occasions, th ey utilise this segment to do that. SOCIAL PURPOSE The social purpose of this text is to build rapport with the audience, this can be exemplified by line21 where MM uses inclusion language as he says "we all learnt". This al so helps the audience reminisce how much fun they had playing on the monkey bars at the playground . And the use of inclusion helps build the social solidarity between the audience listening to the radio show and the interlocutors . This also gives the audience a sense of belonging as they can relate to the matter at hand. As you read through the transcript we can see that the Australian slang is being used for example on line 24 JK says undies referring to underwear. This makes it easier for the Australian audience listening to the radio to understand what he's talking about since it's an Australian slang and jargon . This stimulates the social purpose since it allows the audience and interlocutors close the social distance between one another. The semantic field of radio and also playg round related makes it easier for the people who have been on monkey bars to relate to the issue. REGISTER The informal register is employed in this transcript through the use of Australian slang narrated on line 24 undies'. This gives the audience a sense of belonging while giving them a bit of a chuckle. The context in which the undies is mentioned also shows informality as it's said in a humorous way. The inform ality is also affected by the intonation and other vocal effects together with the vivacious dynamo supports the function of persuading while keeping the same informal register as the addition of slang such as " me ears" on line 4 and compounding on line 5 (we've) is utilised.
Thursday, November 21, 2019
The History of Vietnam War Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words
The History of Vietnam War - Research Paper Example V. The Tet Offensive a. Beginning of U.S. ââ¬â North Vietnam peace talks VI. End of the War a. Vietnamization b. Signing of Paris Peace Agreement c. Total withdrawal of American forces from Vietnam d. Capture of Saigon and formation of Socialist Republic of Vietnam History of Vietnam War INTRODUCTION Vietnam War was one of the most expensive wars in the history of the world in terms of materials and loss of lives. In fact, Vietnam War was the fourth costliest war in terms of loss of lives that United States has ever been involved. The war registered 45,943 U.S. battle deaths, with 1333 men going missing and 10,298 dead of non-battle causes. In terms of money, United Stated government lost 138.9 billion dollars, which is only comparable to the amount of money spent in World War II. South Vietnam, an ally of United States in the war, lost 166,000 soldiers and an estimated 415, 000 civilians. On the other hand, it is estimated that Northern Vietnam and Viet Cong combined registered more than 937,000 deaths. Other than loss of lives and resources, the war also witnessed the loss of morals among soldiers at the war front. Citizens also lost faith in their governments. This was largely affected the Americans. During the war, American soldiers became undisciplined. They engaged in drugs and racial conflict. Generally, all the warring parties suffered from the war. This paper looks into the history of Vietnam War and the events that lead to the war in Vietnam. The paper discusses the origin of Vietnam War, the entry of United States into the War, the strategy of attrition, the Tet offensive, and the end of the War. ORIGIN OF THE WAR Vietnam had been colonized by the French since 19th century. During the Second World War, Japan attacked and established its authority of Vietnam. In the course of this struggle, Ho Chi Minh, a Vietnamese nationalist, formed Viet Minh Party to help him fight the Japanese and the French occupation of Vietnam. He was assisted by Soviet an d the Chinese communists. In August 1945, the Japanese were overpowered by the Viet Minh and they withdrew their forces from Vietnam leaving the French in control of Vietnam. During this time, Viet Minhââ¬â¢s superiority was on the rise. They captured the northern town Hanoi and declared independence of Democratic Republic of Vietnam in September 1945 with Ho Chi Minh as the president (Christian, 31). The French soldiers were pushed to the south. In July 1949, they formed the state of Southern Vietnam with its capital in Saigon under the leadership of Bao Dai. The war between the French and the Viet Minh called the First Indonesian War continued for the next eight years. The war ended in May 1954 when the French forces were defeated by the Viet Minh forces at Dien Bien Phu. The ensuing peace talks in Geneva led to the signing of the Geneva Peace Accord. The Accord divided Vietnam into North Vietnam under the leadership of Ho and South Vietnam under the leadership of Bao. The Gene va Accord also stipulated that nationwide elections were to be held in 1956. The elections were aimed at unifying North and South Vietnam into one nation. However, in 1955, à Ngo Dinh Diem, a strong anticommunist, ousted Bao as the leader of Southern Vietnam and formed the Government of the Republic of Vietnam with him as the president (Le Duan, 51). U.S INVOLVEMENT INTO THE WAR United States joined the struggle in 1950 when President Truman assisted the French forces in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia. United States provided the French forc
Wednesday, November 20, 2019
We are a caring community of well-rounded individuals who embrace Essay
We are a caring community of well-rounded individuals who embrace leadership, learning, service, and global awareness. With this in mind, which of these characteristics appeal most to you, and why - Essay Example Through learning, I have been able to overcome challenging activities such as the high school process and intensive dance training (FSU, par. 1). I also consider learning as a crucial characteristic since personal experiences have taught me that there is an opportunity for leaning in everyday life. As a result of learning, I have competed as well as won competitions at the Youth American Grand Prix in Orlando, FL and NYC. I consider learning a phenomenal aspect; through learning, I have realized that the best way to be successful in life is by putting more effort. This is exemplified by the struggles I have had as a freshman in upper level honors classes. I have also learnt to cope, especially in my association with new people. Learning had been part of my junior levels when I took my first AP classes. I learnt study skills as well as work ethics that made me prepared for college life. I have developed a desire for learning through my curiosity and inquisitiveness. Through my curiosity, I have developed a learning culture, and I have grabbed every learning opportunity that has come in my life. At my junior level, I learnt vocabularies, carried out tests every Friday, wrote lab reports, conducted projects, and prepared for the AP test. I was able to achieve significant success in these aspects given my desire to learn and acquire new knowledge. I also learnt college algebra at Palm Beach State College, where I also learnt how to develop friendships with other students in college, as well as their lifestyles. I consistently put a lot of effort in my work and persevered a lot; this makes me value learning as a highly crucial aspect in the Florida State University. I also consider learning as a crucial characteristic of the Florida State University since it has enabled me to acquire the qualities of a well rounded individual, as embodied in all the characteristics of Florida State
Monday, November 18, 2019
Cuban heritage Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Cuban heritage - Research Paper Example large amounts of money in order to enhance their relationships with the Latino population through customized publications in their native Spanish language. This initiative has proven to be successful (Double base Media mark Research & Intelligence, 2007). In a similar approach, I would, to the best of my ability address Mrs. Hernandez in her native language, which would subconsciously make her feel more accommodating and well taken care of. Having gained her trust, the next step would be to get her on a diet with regular exercise. First, the main cause of increased weight is unsaturated fat in the meals we eat. Therefore, I would advice Mrs. Hernandez to adopt unsaturated fats and do away with saturated and trans fat in her cooking. Unsaturated fat is inclusive of omega-3 fatty acids. Adopting unsaturated fats will serve to reduce the number of calories Mrs. Hernandez takes in and also reduce her serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. In terms of exercise, it is clear that Mrs. Hernandez stays at home most of the time, and it is likely that the number of hours spent of television and lazing around has contributed to her condition. I would, therefore, recommend a one hour walks every day to be sufficient exercise considering her age. Cuban folk medicine is mainly herbal. I would, however, advise Mrs. Hernandez not to opt for that alternative and instead take the oral hypoglycemic agent prescribed by the doctor. To convince her towards this end, I would ensure that she understands that I respect and admire her culture and that I am in no way trying to undermine it. Cubans generally subscribe to the values of marianismo and machismo, which makes them more reluctant to consult doctors on health issues. They, however, also look to the community for opinions, and at this juncture I would use her daughter, Mariana, who has already assimilated to convince her of my noble intent in offering her the medicine. Traditional doctors in Cuba have used plants and
Friday, November 15, 2019
Value Chain Process Of Rak Ceramics Commerce Essay
Value Chain Process Of Rak Ceramics Commerce Essay This is an assigned project of the course Business Strategy the aim of which is to enable us to learn about the overall value chain process of an organization. RAK ceramics is fully backward and forward integrated. This study is providing us with valuable practical knowledge about business strategy in respect to the value chain activities of RAK Ceramics as it is the market leader in ceramic business in Bangladesh at present. Reason for choosing RAK Ceramics: The reason for choosing RAK Ceramics is to learn about value chain process of RAK ceramics which can give us a practical overview of the whole value chain process. Objective of the report: The main objective of the report is described below: An over view on RAK Ceramics Overall value chain process of RAK Ceramics Primary activities of RAK Ceramics (like starts from supply chain management to delivering products to the end user) Support activities of RAK Ceramics( like RD, general administration and human resource management) Scope: The report only focuses on RAK ceramics tiles production Limitation: The limitations are given below: Information unavailability due to confidentiality Inconsistent information Methodology: The research methodology is given as followed: Primary Data: Primary data is collected by visiting RAK ceramics production plant, interviewing office personnel. Secondary Data: Secondary data is collected by visiting relevant websites and published journals. Company overview: RAK ceramics UAE: RAK a global ceramic multinational is in the Ras Al Khaimah. It is a public shareholding company with H.H. Sheikh Saud Bin Saqr Al Qassimi. He is the Crown Prince Deputy Ruler of Ras Al Khaimah as the Chairman and Dr. Khater Massaad as the Chief Executive Officer. It has worldwide sales of over USD one billion. To build a world standard for quality and beauty, the company basically starts manufacturing. They start their first production in 1991. Within 19 years it became a world class organization. 2, 27,000 sq meters of tiles and over 8500 pieces of sanitary ware is producing per day by Ras Al Khaimah alone. It has operation in China, Sudan, Bangladesh, India and Iran. The global production of RAK Ceramics is over 3, 60,000 sq meters of tiles and 11,500 pieces of sanitary ware per day. These huge production of tiles making RAK Ceramics one of the largest multinational ceramic and porcelain tiles and sanitary manufacturing in the world. More than 150 countries across 5 continents, they are now exporting. In the Far East, Australia, USA Canada along with European countries they sells a large quantities of RAK ceramics with regular shipments to all those countries. Among those countries, they have independent agents to fulfill the marketing efforts. With the subsidiaries in Germany, UK, Italy, Belgium, Georgia, Australia, China, India, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Bangladesh Iran, RAK Ceramics plant capacity stands as follows- China 11 million square meter per annum, Sudan 6.5 million square meter per annum, Ã India- 7 million square meter per annum 250,000 pieces of sanitary ware per annum, Iran- 3.0 million square meter/annum and Bangladesh 6 million square meter and 250,000 pieces of sanitary ware per annum. In terms of their model, they also have wide range of variation. They regularly add several new designs in almost every week. Not only in production and design, RAK has wide range of size variety in their products from 10 cm x 10 cm up to 125 cm x 185 cm. They also has 125 x 185 slabs which are the largest Gres Porcellanato slabs in the world and used for a variety of internal and external applications. RAK Ceramics is a ISO 9001: 2008 (ISO 9001:2008 Quality management systems Requirement is a document of 30 pages which sets standards for organizations management ) ISO 14001: 2004 (ISO 14001 is a standard which is provided by international organization for standardization for reducing the negative impact on environment ) certified organization. RAK Ceramics (Bangladesh) Limited: RAK Ceramics (Bangladesh) was incorporated in 26 November, 1998. It is a joint venture company with UAE. It was first incorporated as a public limited company. Now it is public limited company and changed its name from RAK Ceramics (Bangladesh) Private Limited to RAK Ceramics (Bangladesh) Limited on 10 June, 2008. They are now manufacturing ceramics tiles, bathroom sets and all types of sanitary ware. They basically came to this position of producing products in some steps which are given below- From 12 November, 2000 they started Commercial production. From 10 January, 2004 they start the production of sanitary ware within their own plant. Further expansion of tiles and sanitary plant ware in the year of 2007. With 90% portion of ownership of RAK Ceramics by RAK Ceramics PSE and its nominees they basically start their business in Bangladesh. Rest 10% is owned by S.A.K. Ekramuzzaman. Within eight years RAK has become one of the leading manufacturing companies with an annual turnover of over BDT 3248 million. They basically produce high quality wall, floor tiles, gres porecellanato and sanitary wares products in Bangladesh. RAK is financed by IFC Bangladesh other than Lafarge Surma Cement Ltd, the only two company financed by IFC. With over 1000 models active ceramics and porcelain they have huge collection of design. Moreover, their R D are adding more new design into their portfolio to meet the preference of the customers. They have more than 40 models of exclusive range of sanitary ware like wash basins, water closets, bathroom sets, bath tubs, shower trays, bathroom cabinets, accessories and decorated sets. . They not only emphasized in the designing part of the RAK Ceramics, but also they emphasized in the size of the tiles. They have different types of tiles from 13 cm * 13 cm to 60 cm * 60 cm. The manufacturing plant has a production capacity of 24,000 square meter tiles and 2,500 pieces of sanitary ware per day. This total production is consumed by local market. RAK Ceramics (Bangladesh) Limited is certified by ISO 9001:2008(ISO 9001:2008 Quality management systems Requirement is a document of 30 pages which sets standards for organizations management). RAK ceramics also have a future plan to expand their operation by setting a new production plant in Hobigonj to fulfill the rising domestic demand for tiles. For their reputation and good brand image they have been awarded as Superbrands in 2009-2011 Competitors: RAK is the market leader of the ceramics industry in Bangladesh. RAK has approximately 35% market share in the industry. The major competitions of RAK ceramics are: Fu-Wang Ceramic Industry Ltd: Fu-Wang Ceramic Industry is one of the major competitors of RAK ceramics. Fu-Wangs main emphasis is on the quality of the product and also they are focus on designing also. They are also focused on achieving customer satisfaction by providing standard product with innovation. Fu-Wangs market capital is 2025.375 million BDT (http://dsebd.org/displayCompany.php?name=FUWANGCER). The main production plant of Fu-Wang ceramic industry is in Hotapara, Gazipur. China-Bangla Ceramic Industry: Another major competitor is China Bangla Ceramics Industry. They focus mainly in the quality of the product. For these they basically use machine imported from SACMI, Italy and specialized people recruit from china to operate production process, technology and R D. Great Wall Ceramics Industries Ltd: Great Wall Ceramics Industries has a factory in Gilarchala, Sreepur, Gazipur, Bamgladesh. From Italy and China they basically bring their machines which are being used to make their products. Great Wall Ceramics Industries Ltd is also focused to improve their quality of their products. RAK is not facing any major competition from the local producers. RAK ceramics market capital is 46635.898 million taka (http://dsebd.org/displayCompany.php?name=RAKCERAMIC). But they are facing competition from Chinese Tiles. The main Raw material for Tiles is different clays. And among those clays China clay is a major element. China has an advantage over the cheap raw materials which helps them to reduce their production cost and gain advantage over other competitors. Whereas RAK have to purchase raw materials at a high price and also pay tax for those raw materials. However RAK established them as market leader by providing superior quality product and good brand image which enables them to compete with the competitors effectively. SWOT Matrix analysis of RAK Ceramics: RAK Ceramics is the market leader in ceramic industry. They have huge advantages which differentiate them from other competitors ex: advanced production facility, focus on quality, and huge investment in RD, customization option in product designing etc. These are the major strengths which is helping RAK ceramics to be the market leader. They also have a major weakness in control of sub dealers. RAK ceramics have the opportunity to go for exporting after meeting domestic demand and they can also expand their product line by producing ceramic plates, salt and pepper pots. RAK ceramics is facing threat on competition for the growing Chinese ceramic companies. This is the overview of the SWOT analysis of RAK ceramics, brief explanation and SWOT matrix analysis is given in Appendix 3. The Value Chain Process: RAK ceramics value chain process follows the traditional value chain process which starts from supply chain management to delivering its products to the end users and supporting activates like: RD program, general administration and human resource management. RAK ceramics is fully backward and forward integrated. The value chain process of RAK ceramics is described below in details. Primary Activities: Chapter: 01 Supply chain management: RAK ceramics supply chain management is very strong and fully controlled for getting efficient supply for their production process. The basic raw material of ceramics is different types of clay. RAK ceramics select the best quality clay for their quality floor covering. RAK use different types of clay for their tiles production. The types are: Indonesian Clay Malaysian Clay Indian Clay China Clay Bangladeshi Clay Czech Republican Clay For glazing or coloring there are several raw materials that RAK use to give an edge in color of the tiles. This material arrives from Italy and Spain. The materials are: Color Pigment Cerfrit: a company specialized in the manufacture of frits, glazes, serigraphic printing powders and ceramic colors Adhesive and Chemicals for stabilizing color Raw material Suppliers: 90% of raw materials of RAK ceramics is are imported from outside the country. The main raw materials supplier of RAK is Global Business Association (GBA) and the supplies are dealt in ordering process. GBA is a sister concern of RAK and it also supplies raw materials to other companys also. RAK places an order of the list of raw materials and GBA supplies the raw materials. Cerfrit a company from Spain supplies cerfrit for using in colors. Color pigment is supplied by GBA which is collected from Italy. Shipment of Raw materials: After placing the order to GBA, raw materials are sent by ship to Chittagong port and sometimes in Naryanganj from Chittagong port. From there Cargo trucks are used to carry the clay to their production plant. Spare parts for their machineries are collected from SACMI which is a giant of manufacturing machines and completing plants and its an Italian company. These spare parts are sent by air. Packing Raw Materials: The packets which are used to pack the final products are supplied by KEA Printing and Packaging Company which is also a company of RAK. They provide cartoons that are used to package tiles. KEA Printing and Packaging is situated right in front of RAKs manufacturing plant in Sreepur, Gazipur. Therefore its really easy to collect the cartoons from there. Inventory Management: The inventory management job is mainly assigned to Store department and accounts department. Accounts department is in charge of raw materials inventory. Raw materials are purchased and stored in the amount of 6 to 7 months of production. Store department is in charge of the management of finished goods inventory. RAK takes extra precautions for not damaging or wasting raw materials and extra security for preventing the risk of theft. Utilities: They main utility for RAK is production plant is Electricity. RAK ceramics spent over 50 crore taka for planting an electricity plant which produces 6 Mega Watt electricity inside their production plant. RAK uses 4 Mega Watt and 2 Mega Watt of electricity is given to local people for their usage with an exchange of a small amount of money. Chapter: 02 Manufacturing Process: RAK ceramics have the most advanced production facility for producing tiles and sanitary ware. They have one production plant for tiles which covers all the production activities. RAK also have a Design Development Program under RD department which helps to create new design for the customers. In this department, RAK have invested a huge amount to gain advantage over competitors in designing. They are using SACMI technology in their production plant which comes from Italy. SACMI is the most advanced technology used is ceramics production. RAKs production plant is fully automated and computer operated which helps to reduce the chance of error. SACMIs machineries are sensor based in which it is assigned the specific tasks to be performed with minimum error. In every step of production there is a parameter that is being checked for insuring good quality by ensuring size, moisture; pressing power etc. Step1: RAKs tiles manufacturing process starts from Laboratory There is a miniature version of the whole production plant. In lab master sample of tiles with different shapes are made on the basis of moisture, pressing power, density etc. This master sample is the benchmark of tiles which is used to maintain the standard and quality of tiles. This master samples readings are set into Master CPU for quality assurance of tiles. If the quality of any tiles doesnt meet the standard of master sample, it is destroyed by Master CPU by using a hammer. Step2: Quality assurance department composes the composition of raw materials, which means the percentage of different clay will be used to produce the body of tiles. This composition list is given by lab on the basis of the composition used in Master Sample. Step3: Body preparation sector calculates the weight of different clay which will be used to make the tiles. Step4: Raw materials are given input in BOX FREEDER by the help of wheel loader. Driver of wheel loader checks the list and weight of each clay and inputs in the machine. There is an operator who monitors this procedure. Figure: BOX FEEDER Step5: From BOX FREEDER by the use of conveyr belt, raw materials are passed to BALL MILL. Step 6: In BALL MILL the raw materials are mixed with water to create slip, this procedure is called milling. Figure: BALL MILL Step5: From BALL MILL the present form of clay which is also called slip is stored into SLIP TANK. Step6: From SLIP TANK, slip is moved to SPRAY DRYER, which forms the slip into powder or granule. This powder or granule is stored into SILO or vertical tank. Sttep7: This powder will be passed into PRESSING MACHINE through SILO. In PRESSING MACHINE the powder is given five bar pressing which converts the powder or granule in to raw tiles. Figure: SILO Step8: In PRE-FIRING the raw tiles are taken through 200Ã ° degree Celsius, to reduce the moisture of the raw tiles. Step9: The raw tiles will now go through the DISC Glazing BOOTH machine, where it will be covered by the first coat of Coloring or Glazing. Figure: DISC Glazing BOOTH Step10: After the DISC Glazing BOOTH process the tiles will go through the PRINTING MACHINE and there it will get the necessary designs on top. Step11: From the PRINTING MACHINE the tiles are loaded into LOADING CAR by a conveyer belt, and then the LOADING CARs take the tiles to BT KILN LOADING MACHINE. Figure: Loading Car Figure: PRINTING MACHINE Step12: BT KILN LOADING MACHINE is basically a firing machine which gives huge heat on the tiles to increase the hardness and reliability. It is a 75 meter long oven also known as Figure: 75 meter BT KILN LOADING MACHINE firing zone. The tiles is taken through a sequence of temperature starting from 400Ã ° to 800Ã ° to 1200Ã ° to 800Ã ° to 400Ã ° Celsius. The temperature sequence is kept like this because after reaching to 1200Ã ° if the temperature suddenly falls then the heated tiles will break down. To ensure continuous supply of power the kiln machine is connected with a generator to avoid any kind of accident. Granite tiles are kept in firing machine for 41 to 42 minutes, Porosa is kept for 39 to 40 minutes and Red Body tiles are kept in firing zone for 35 to 36 minutes. The time kept in firing zone is the determinant of hardness, reliability and water absorption. Granite tiles are used in floor which has high reliability, hardness and water absorption to 0.5%. On the other hand, Red Body tiles which are wall tiles has less reliability and hardness then Granite but have high water absorption up to 10%. Step13: Master CPU plays a major role in the tiles production. Master CPU is provided with the reading of master sample for quality assurance of the tiles production. Master CPU approves those tiles which match with master tile. If not then Master CPU uses a hammer to destroy the tiles with below quality reading. After passing tiles from BT KILN LOADING MACHINE every tile have to pass through Master CPU and it also checks the level of tolerance for error. ISO 10545 is a British Standard for tiles production which gives approval for 5% error. But RAK ceramics accepts 3% level of error for ensuring more quality for their product. Step14: After checking by Master CPU, the tiles which have 0% error are categorized as Class A tiles and those tiles which have 3% error are categorized as Class B tiles. These two types of tiles are sorted differently in different sorting machines where tiles are placed vertically in numbers for packing which starts from: 4 pieces of tiles to 25 pieces of tiles. Step15: Tiles are packed by PACKAGING MACHINE attached with sensors. These sensors detect Class A and B tiles and uses different packages for both. For Class A tiles white box and for Class B brown boxes are used. Then it is tagged by another sensor using OCRCS system. This system is used to track the type, quality, size and other parameters by which they can track the operator who checked the tiles if there is any complain form dealers or customers. The operators main job is to ensure the quality of the tiles by checking them from 3 feet distance to see whether there is any problem with tiles that can be detected from 3 feet distance. If there is any problem likes this, operator is held responsible. The OCRCS refers: Operator: Number of Operator Choice: A grade or B grade Reference: Model Number Caliber: Accurate size Shade: Color of Shades This OCRCS is used to give customers full guarantee of the quality of the product and also helps to prevent fraud attempt by sellers. Step16: After packaging, the finished goods are stored in warehouse by Stock Department and dealers arrive with order papers of tiles to receive the delivery of the tiles for Stock Department. This is the total manufacturing process of RAK ceramics. Chapter: 03 Distribution Process: RAK ceramics follows simple distribution process to get products to end users by minimizing complications. They follow 4 level distribution channels which consist of manufacturer, dealers, sub dealers, consumers. RAK follows selective distribution which means they distribute products only few distributors. They dont have their own distribution channel; they use dealers to distribute their products. Currently RAK has 32 dealers all over Bangladesh. They directly control their dealers through 4 state managers in six divisions. Dealers are allowed to appoint sub dealers to sell RAKs product but RAK does not control them. RAK ceramics distribution process starts from stock department. Stock department stores finished goods in the warehouse. Dealers are informed from the warehouse that their goods are ready for delivery and they arrive to receive the delivery from warehouse for distribution. RAK ceramics have full control over their selective dealers. They pick dealers from location according to their geographical planning of market capturing. RAK ceramics conduct an in depth analysis before selecting dealers. RAK ceramics first analysis their portfolio ex: capabilities, currently which products they are distributing, control, coverage, continuity and also they are given 3 months evaluation period by which RAK tries to find out if they are appropriate or not. These 32 dealers have sub dealers who are directly under control of dealers which they use to capture more market depth and to cover more geographic coverage. Dealers pick the product from RAK ceramics by huge delivery trucks with good protection for not damaging tiles. By the help of dealers and sub dealers RAK ceramics distribute their product to the end user and also they maintain a strict control for reducing error. Chapter: 04 Marketing, sales and service: RAK ceramics is the market leader in ceramics production in Bangladesh.RAK ceramics mainly emphasize on commercial production for meeting domestic demand but they also have industrial production which is not in massive condition due to low demand and huge affordability issue by industries in Bangladesh. But if a company places order for industrial tiles they fulfill their demand. RAK have a good marketing department for marketing which is in the main headquarters in Uttara. RAK ceramics sales force is mainly used to convince owners of industry firms to use RAK ceramics because industry productions of ceramics product have high durability and price. To provide good support to these buyers, the sales force is mainly used for any complaining and ordering and also providing important information. The process mainly starts from industry placing order with specifications to dealers of RAK, sales force contacts with the buyer to provide more specific informatio n and details along with pricing and choice, sales force confirms their specifications and sends it to RAK. RAK ceramics go to the production and send their product via dealer to the desired person. This is the role of sales force which plays a vital role in selling industrial products. RAK ceramic doesnt use any direct selling in marketing, if a customer place order from RAK head office where they have a showroom, then instead of selling directly to them RAK provides reference of nearby dealers to their location for providing convenient support. As it is mentioned before, RAK ceramics uses sales force for industry buyers and dealers reference for normal customers. Marketing Research and Planning: RAK display new design of tiles and sanitary wares in their main head office for getting feedback from customer about the new design. This new design mainly is the reflection of ongoing global trend around the world or the new design of RAK UAE which is a great success worldwide. This new design is placed in the main showroom for 6 months for gathering customer feedback. After getting feedback and doing market analysis they go for production on those new designs. RAK provide huge emphasize on marketing research to identify new style trends on the basis of global trend and customer preference. Because of their advanced marketing research they are able to visualize the demand of customers. For their good market research, analysis and reading, they are able to respond quickly to the changing customer demand and preference which made them the market leader. Advertising and Promoting: RAK ceramics doesnt follow massive advertising technique for promoting because of their superior position in the market and huge demand helps to promote their product itself. But RAK still do some advertising via billboards and some promotional activities in Boishakhi TV by sponsoring some shows, because the Managing Director of RAK ceramics is the 25% owner of Boishakhi TV. Support from Dealer: RAK ceramics have 32 dealers around the country which are handpicked by them after judging their portfolio. These dealers provide great support to RAK for capturing and enabling the product to get available in market. RAK ceramics tries to give full support on their activities for making them more flexible and dealers also provide support for making the product more available in market. From RAKs point of view, by the support, help and loyalty from these dealers have helped them to spread the product in whole country and they also played a huge role for their current market position. Service: RAK ceramics doesnt have a specialized service center for customers because it isnt required in that extend. But they provide full support to the customers by providing information and details of tiles before purchasing to avoid deceptive selling. Supportive Activities: Chapter: 05 Product RD, Technology and Systems Development: RAK makes a huge investment on RD. They are the only ceramic company in Bangladesh to spend 150 crore in RD. To make continuous innovation on design they have a dedicated Laboratory which focuses on designing new tiles and sanitary wares. RAK use SACMI manufacturing machines and complete plants for the Ceramics making which is the best technology for making ceramics. RAK uses Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) to reduce environmental hazard. RAK ceramics factory have computer controlled guided vehicles which transfers semi finished good from station to station, all of the machines are controlled by laser sensors, skilled technician to operate sophisticated operations. RAK ceramics emphasize more on designing on tiles. For this purpose the MD of the company attends different Ceramics fair to get idea of overall new technology innovation and new design trends. These designs are submitted to Design Development Program which falls under RD depa rtment; they conduct in depth research and develop the design. RAK also has soil scientist who conducts research and test on various types of soil to create quality composition of clay for creating quality tiles. Purchase managers visit to Indonesia, Malaysia, India, China and Czech Republic to monitor Class A and B raw material (clay) and check quality report and sent it to laboratory more researching on clay about the quality. An active team of ceramist is dedicated to find more cost effective solution for gaining competitive advantage over competitors. Due RAKs huge investment and dedication on RD, enables them to compete with competitors and gain competitive advantage. Human Resource Management: Recruitment and Hiring: In RAK Ceramics, HR department is fully co-ordinate according to their standard. The whole recruitment process is described below step by step. Step 1: To recruit employee for RAK Ceramics, they basically go through- Newspaper BD jobs
Wednesday, November 13, 2019
The Forlorn Loves in James Joyces novel, Ulysses Essay -- Joyce Ulyss
The Forlorn Loves in Joyce's novel, Ulysses Greek has words for four kinds of love: agape, or spiritual love; storge, or familial love; the love between friends, or philia; and sexual love, the familiar eros. All four figure in Joyce's novel Ulysses, yet all eventually evade the two male protagonists, Stephen Dedalus and Leopold Bloom: Ulysses proves ultimately to be a love-less work. Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Agape -- spiritual love, the charitable love among coreligionists or between Man and God -- seems sure to appear, given Ulysses' protagonists' backgrounds and the host of Christian symbols that flock about them. Yet Stephen Dedalus is torn with doubt in his Catholicism, and we find in the course of the novel that Bloom renounced his Judaism, first to convert to Protestantism with his father and then, conveniently, to convert to Catholicism to marry Molly: both have fallen from their original faith. Within two paragraphs of Ulysses' opening we see a mock Mass -- "Introibo ad altare Dei" (p. 3) -- and hear the lurking Stephen scornfully called a "fearful jesuit" by mocking Mulligan. Stephen is certainly no recipient of agape here! Interestingly, Simon Dedalus identifies Mulligan as Stephen's "fidus Achates" (p. 73), a glancing Virgil image to set Stephen up as "pius Aeneas", "pious Aeneas", Virgil's hero of proper behavior to gods and men. B ut, as we see, home-stealing, ever-jeering Mulligan is no more "fidus" than whoring, drunken Stephen is "pius". Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Stephen Dedalus is a prolix speaker, an engaging theorist and theologian, well versed in ecclesiastical history, particularly in the Church's early heresies. Yet, for all his knowledge and cogent arguments, he shows little inclination for belief. His arguments on ... ...9), yet that is exactly what Bloom does -- kiss her buttocks, the most anonymous and androgynous part of her body. Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã In fact, Molly's final thoughts in Ulysses only underscore the lack of eros that has afflicted Bloom throughout the book. She begins to menstruate ("this bloody pest of a thing" (p. 642)) even as she considers trying to re-establish sexual relations, and moves in her thoughts to their tryst on Howth Hill -- the same rendezvous Bloom has recalled so fondly before. Yet, like all too many of the happy occasions in Ulysses, this one is in the past, dead and gone. Indeed, the book ends in Molly's "yes I said yes I will Yes." (p. 644), but the "Yes" is in the past, only another sad comment on Bloom's lack of love. Love is a thing of the past, dreams are sick counterfeits and cheats: agape, storge, philia, eros, the four loves, are forlorn.
Sunday, November 10, 2019
You Too Can Have a Healthy Skeletal System
You too can have a healthy skeletal system, even in old age Announcer: I Just came from the doctor and I am definitely going to start hiking once a week, and am going to bump up my exercise routine to three times a week. I also need to get to the grocery store to buy some calcium-rich foods. Radio Personality: You know, I am so sick of my doctor telling me what to eat and when to exercise. I am naturally in good shape and can eat whatever I want and still have a great physique.Announcer: We both are getting up there in age, and I hope you realize that It Is not serially what is on the outside, but what is happening on the inside that matters when it comes to arthritis, osteoporosis, and injuries from falls. Yes, the fact that you are able to keep a good weight Is a starting point, but I am sure that you have many other risk factors for all of these problems. Radio Personality: What other risk factors could I possibly have? Announcer: Well for starters your smoking Is a risk factor fo r osteoporosis and I am sure that it does not help your overall health In general.Both of our ages will always e a risk factor, and also your fast-food diet and alcohol consumption Is a risk factor for arthritis, osteoporosis, and Injuries from falls. Radio Personality: What can I do? I think the damage may already have been done. Announcer: You can begin by stopping the smoking and drinking alcohol on only special occasions. Exercise regularly, especially bone and muscle strengthening exercises, and eat a healthy diet that Is rich In calcium and Valetta D. Have regular eye check-ups and carefully look at the side-effects of any medications you may be taking.
Friday, November 8, 2019
A Separate Peace - Genes Journey Essays - Phillips Exeter Academy
A Separate Peace - Genes Journey Essays - Phillips Exeter Academy A Separate Peace - Gene's Journey Gene Forrester's difficult journey towards maturity and the adult world is a main focus of the novel, A Separate Peace, by John Knowles. Gene's journey begins the moment he pushes Phineas from the tree and the process continues until he visits the tree fifteen years later. Throughout this time, Gene must become self-aware, face reality and the future, confront his problems, as well as forgive and accept the person that he is. With the jouncing of the limb, Gene realizes his problems and the true person he is inside. Fifteen years later, when revisiting the tree, he finally accepts and forgives himself. This journey is a long and painful one. At the end of this long and winding road filled with ditches, difficulties and problems, Gene emerges a mature adult. Gene jounces the limb and causes Finny's fall and at that moment becomes aware of his inner-self and learns of his true feelings. This revelation comes to him back in his room before he and Finny leave for the tree. It surrounds him with the shock of his true self until he finally reacts by jouncing the limb. Up in the tree, before the two friends are about to make their "double-jump", Gene sees Finny in this new light. He realizes that Finny feels no jealousy or hatred towards him and that Finny is indeed perfect in every way. Gene becomes aware that only he is the jealous one. He learns of his animosity and that he really is a "savage underneath". Over a long period of time Gene had been denying his feelings of hatred towards Finny, saying that it was normal for him to feel this way. Now all of the feelings come back to him and he sees how terrible he really is. The realization that these feelings are one-sided causes Gene to to fall dramatically in comparison to Finny (he paints himself black for these feelings and because Finny doesn't share them, he puts a halo around Finny's head), concludes with the neccessity for Finny to be brought down to his level, and results with Gene jouncing the limb. After the realization of the person he truly is, in his room and up in the tree, Gene must now confront his problems, face reality, and deal with the future. He must learn that communication is very important in a relationship and that he must express himself instead of keeping his feelings inside, as he had always done with Finny. He must learn to listen to himself rather than to others. These were just a few of the many problems there were in his relationship with Finny. He must face reality and acknowledge the fact that he isn't as great as Finny, that he is his own individual person and that Finny isn't as perfect as he thought. Gene must accept the guilt for Finny's difficulties after his injury and must help Finny as a punishment and act of repentence for his deed. Gene does this by "giving a part of himself to Finny" as we see with the case of sports throughout the rest of the novel - how Gene "becomes" Finny when it comes to sports. Although the above are all of great importance, the greatest hurdle Gene must overcome is learning to live with what he's done. This painful step is the one which will allow him to completely mature. The final stage of Gene's maturation is his self-acceptence and self-forgivness. He has to accept that he isn't perfect and that he, like any other normal being (even Finny), has faults. Accepting that his innocence has been lost helps Gene move on into another part of his life and realize that he can never return to the days of his innocent youth again. He can now become a man, enter the war and adult world and leave his youth behind. Forgiving himself is the step which allows Gene to lead a normal life and enter society. He must finally forgive himself completely for his blind act and allow himself to "come in out of the rain". By accepting as well as forgiving the person that he is, Gene enables himself to move
Wednesday, November 6, 2019
Friends and Amici
Friends and Amici Friends and Amici Friends and Amici By Maeve Maddox English boasts numerous words to convey aspects of friendship. Some are Germanic in origin and others, Latin. An early Old English word for friend was freond. The Beowulf poet tells us that Heorot (Hrothgarââ¬â¢s hall) was filled with friends: Heorot innan wà ¦s freondum afylled. The opposite of Old English freond was feond: ââ¬Å"enemy.â⬠In modern English, the word that initially referred to a human foe has developed into the word fiend: ââ¬Å"an evil spirit.â⬠In the most general sense, a friend is ââ¬Å"a person with whom one has developed a close and informal relationship of mutual trust and intimacy.â⬠In specific contexts, friend can refer to an ally in war, the supporter of a cause, or, with a capital, a Quaker (member of the religious Society of Friends). The adjective for friend is friendly: ââ¬Å"characteristic of or befitting a friend or friends; that expresses or is indicative of friendship or a kind and helpful attitude.â⬠Friendly is also used as a noun to mean ââ¬Å"an ally.â⬠In US colonial times, ââ¬Å"a friendlyâ⬠was an indigenous person who was on peaceful terms with the settlers. In modern military parlance, friendlies are troops on the side of oneââ¬â¢s own forces or those of oneââ¬â¢s allies. The abstract noun for the state of being a friend is friendship. The use of friend as a verb to describe the adding of a person to a list of social media contacts (dating from 2004) is still regarded as a barbarism by many English speakers, but friend was used as a verb as early as the 13th century. For several centuries, the verb befriend was in more common use, but the modern use of friend and unfriend as verbs is idiomatic. The use of friend in the context of social media does not negate the usefulness of befriend to refer to a genuine personal contact in which one person helps another. The Latin word for friend, amicus (plural, amici), has given English several additional words to convey cordial feelings: amiability noun: quality of being friendly amiable adjective: friendly amiably adverb: in a friendly manner amicability noun: friendliness amicable adjective: done in a friendly spirit amicably adverb: in a friendly manner amity noun: friendly relations, especially of a public character The legal term amicus curiaeà (plural, amici curiae), literally ââ¬Å"friend of the court,â⬠refers to a person or group that is not a party to a lawsuit, but has a strong interest in the matter. An amicus curiae will petition the court for permission to submit a brief in the action with the intent of influencing the courts decision. A brief is a written statement that explains one sides legal and factual arguments. The brief submitted to the court by an amicus curiae is called ââ¬Å"an amicus brief.â⬠Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 Examples of Passive Voice (And How To Fix Them)Social vs. Societal20 Slang Terms for Law Enforcement Personnel
Monday, November 4, 2019
Conceptions of Vocational Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words
Conceptions of Vocational Education - Essay Example The competency test is aimed to measure job success, which cognitive tests failed to do. In this sense, competency tests were seen as an alternative to traditional cognitive tests (Delmare and Winterton 2005). On the other hand, Barnett and Depinet (1991) argued that cognitive tests are capable of predicting job success. They cited the work of Hunter (1986) which claimed that cognitive tests do predict job success. Nonetheless, what is necessary in this discourse is the supposition that competency tests were developed in order to measure the fit between the person and the job success (McClelland 1994). 10 Functional Approach. The functional approach is competent ââ¬âbased approach, and it follows the United Kingdom tradition (Delamare Le Deist and Winterton 2005). This approach is based on the consultation among employees, employers, trade unions, scholars, academicians, regulating and professional bodies with the aim of developing an occupational standard across a particular occ upational group (Rolls 1997). There is a lead organization that the government organises that serve as the steering committee. 13 Holistic and Multi-Dimensional/Integrated Approach (H-MD/I approach). This approach tackles the issues and concerns of competence not only from the perspective of the individual, organisation, action, and job function, but it also deals with the influence of external factors to the understanding of competence (Hager 2013; Gonzci 2013). This approach develops in three countries in Europe, namely, Spain, Germany, and Austria. It is significant to note that this approach develop in Europe with minimal influence from McClelland (Delamare Le Deist and Winterton 2005). On the other hand, Hager and Gonzci in Australia develop the holistic and multidimensional approach, which is also called as integrated approach. Hager and Gonzci works are hallmark in the field and their contributions have transformed the landscape of vocational education and training. 16 Conclu sion 23 References 27 Competence: what does it mean? Introduction In the past few decades, the notion of competence has gained prominence in the fields of management and education. In the sphere of management, competence has been used in developing standards that will provide organisations strategic competitive advantage (Campbell and Sommer Lochs 1997; Nadler and Tushman 1999). Whereas, in education, it has been used in the development of vocational education and training (Mulder, Weigel, and Collins 2006). The ââ¬Ëpopularity of competenceââ¬â¢ (Mulder et al. 2006) is based on the supposition that it aligns education and training with the demands and needs of the labour market (Boon and van der Klink 2002). Thus, it assists employees and employers in responding to the changes and challenges brought by technological innovation, lifelong learning policies, and employment strategies (Delamare Le Deist and Winterton 2005). In this context, competence is now considered as the hall mark of a successful manager, teacher, nurse, waiter, crane driver, and sales person (Beckett 2004, p.495). As such, competence plays an integral role in understanding the contemporary dynamics of labour market and business environment. Human competence is the ââ¬Å"heart of economic competitionâ⬠(Tatangang 2011, p. 549). However, it is observed that there is no universal agreement among scholars regarding a common definition that may be attributed to the concept of competence (Ha
Friday, November 1, 2019
Discuss the way in which a particular celebrity has been used to Essay
Discuss the way in which a particular celebrity has been used to promote fashion - Essay Example Fashion advertisement can be done on the television, on radio stations, on social sites, on product labels, on billboards and many other channels. Use of celebrities in advertising is very essential and captures the minds of many people in the society. It creates a perception that a product is the best in the range of related products, which increases demand of a product, its sales, and profits (Mehta 199). There are many theories related to the study of media and all try to explain its impact in advertising, and the perceptions related to its use. The first theory is the uses and gratification theory, which states that people use advertised products for gratification (Karina). The public can use a product so that they can relate to the celebrity used to promote the product. The association with a celebrity gives them a sense of belonging and gratification (Karina). The theory also states that people use a product to help them for diversion to escape from problems, for personal identity, and for surveillance of important tricks for survival. People tend to use products that are associated with successful celebrities so that they can feel safe and away from their problems. It gives them a sense of belonging and fulfilment in life. According to this theory, use of products that are associated with a particular celebrity increases ones self-esteem and self-worth (Karina). The hypodermic needle model is also another theory related to the use of media and suggests that media audience always has trust and loyalty to media such that they do not pose any challenges or have doubts about the information they are given (Karina). According to this theory, the audience takes in any information supported by a celebrity and believes it as the truth. The public has strong belief in celebrities and assume that products the celebrity uses will also work on them
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